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Performance not optimal due to relatively high-level interface with the main engine9 V9   cUF gpfDatabase Module by Raghu Ramakrishnan Build a suite of  data service modules that can plug and play Loose coupling across modules => Performance and consistency issuesN'Z_nZ&Z'_., qNew Technique: Tight Coupling (implementor s approach) Direct implementation of a new feature at the level of records and indexes (e.g., at the same level of a B+-tree) Examples Tight Coupling of Spatial Features with DBMS Tight Coupling of IR with DBMS The engine code that must be modified to accommodate a new feature is not that big (approximately 20,000 lines) d8|Lq8|Lq " E\$Tight-Coupling with Spatial Featuresr%Conventional Systems (e.g., ArcInfo) "]Tight-Coupling with IREmbedding IR Indexes Integerated management of text and nontext attributes Queries Find the papers that contain the word  database in the title and that have been published after year 2000 Integrated query against text and nontext attributesz;l5;l 5>  mFeatures Crash recovery and fine-granularity locking and logging for the IR index Bulk loading and bulk deletion for the IR index Immediate update for the IR index >  ^Application of IR IndexSite-limited Search (Hosted SiteSearch in Google) Find the web pages that include the word  SQL from the site  Microsoft Directory Search Find the web pages that include the word  park from the directory  Recreation > Travel > Attractions R2Jh2Jh , bImplementation Example Schema Query Find the web pages that contain the word  Korea from the site having siteId=6000 (Site-limited Search) zii  "ceNave Implementation Find the record of the web page containing the word  Korea Access the records and select those whose siteId = 6000 ! Very bad in performance (Tuples are scattered all over the database causing excessive random accesses) htmtAj 4|%KdIR Index Join Method We use siteIdText of type  text instead of siteId of type integer Do join between the posting list (matching  Korea ) from the IR Index on the attribute content and the posting list (matching  6000 ) from the IR Index on the attribute siteIdText ! Performance is good since join is done in the indexes without accessing tuples Q hK APX  ScEmbedded Posting Method Embedded Posting: Other attribute values of the record are embedded in the posting of another attribute In this example, siteId (of type integer) is embedded in the posting of the attribute content ! Performance is good since query is resolved by accessing only one posting list without accessing the tuples (vs. space overhead) y?A 4lODYSSEUS Object-Relational DBMS @ /' ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@?ldd@xj" -Kkdd n?" dd@   @@``PR   k  ` p> >   ##'#(  R % s *p  <x ?  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V* AAA  Tee     T* AAA  Tee 0 P  V* AAAH  0(ed ? ̙3380___PPT10.`tA ;30)(  x  <A i?? iB  6D3fԔ P,$D  0  <,"l d  K2003.3 (CC  <&l4 .c ! <*l = uKyu-Young Whang, Professor Department of Computer Science Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)^vcccYcc$g ' 083l]*c OTight-Coupling: A Way of Building High-Performance Application Specific EnginesPPa ( ^Akaist_2 ,&  lH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +}  $(  r  S l  l r  S Ll l H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.k2+D=' = @B +-  TL(  x  c $l  l x   c $xli l  0  :0e0eA T    ? A@  A5% 8c8c     ?A)BCD|E||S"pg  T lH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  S(  r  S ll  l r  S @l l x  B?"C& x  Bf?"C' W x  B?"CW    Bl ?"pS S  e Text module& 0n2 Cpqq  B ?"C  hSpatial module&0n2Cpqq   B  ?"C -  g OLAP module( 8n2 Cpqqxb   Bf?" xb   B?" , xb   B?" Qq    B ?"`S C `DBMS(0n2CpqqxB  BD?" aa xB  BD?" xB  BD?"    BX$ ?" S  d Text Query& 0n2 Cpqq  B& ?" &  g Spatial Query&0n2Cpqq  B/ ?" j  d OLAP Query& 0n2 Cpqqxb  B?"    BL2 ?" 7$  c Master DB& 0n2 Cpqq~  H ?" 1:   BXD ?" 1  ^Sync&0n2Cpqq  <K ?"S d6  aUpdates&0n2CpqqrB  <D?"  H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.S"+D=' = @B +}  $(  r  S l  l r  S Hl l H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.`+D=' = @B +  b(  r  S b   9  0t  Embedding spatial indexes Integrated management of spatial and nonspatial attributes Queries Find the phone number of McDonald within 10km of Stanford University Integrated query against spatial and nonspatial attributes<F=<F =,C   x @`8 62  /6}  Nj ?"Jp  J(8nC   < ?"6J  e data record& 0n2 Cpqq   B ?"Jpj    B ?"jp    B ?"pp    < ?" h  aspatial&0n2Cpqq  < ?"|_  ainteger&0n2CpqqB  BDo?"  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